Metformin hydrochloride
Metformin hydrochloride CAS#1115-70-4
Metformin hydrochloride, a biguanide oral hypoglycemic agent, is also referred to by synonyms such as Glucophage and Medicon. Its glucose-lowering potency is less pronounced than that of phenformin.The primary mechanism of action involves reducing glucagon secretion from pancreatic A cells and facilitating the conversion of glucose into glycogen. A key feature of this medication is that it does not elicit insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.
Metformin hydrochloride Chemical Parameters
Melting point | 223-226 °C(lit.) |
density | 1.36[at 20℃] |
vapor pressure | 0.001Pa at 25℃ |
Fp | 9℃ |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, practically insoluble in acetone and in methylene chloride |
pka | 12.4[at 20 ℃] |
form | Powder |
color | White |
Water Solubility | Soluble in water (50 mg/ml), ethanol, and DMSO (50 mM). |
λmax | 233nm(H2O)(lit.) |
Merck | 145938 |
BCS Class | 3 |
Stability: | Stable for 2 years from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or distilled water may be stored at -20° for up to 2 months. |
InChIKey | OETHQSJEHLVLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
LogP | -3.5 at 20℃ |
CAS DataBase Reference | 1115-70-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
Safety Information | |
Hazard Codes | Xn,T,F |
Risk Statements | 22-36/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11 |
Safety Statements | 26-36-45-36/37-16-7 |
RIDADR | UN1230 - class 3 - PG 2 - Methanol, solution |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | DU1800000 |
HS Code | 29252900 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 1115-70-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 1000 orally, 300 s.c. (Rx Bulletin) |
Metformin hydrochloride CAS#1115-70-4 Application
This medication is classified as an antidiabetic agent. It is capable of lowering both fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, with a potential reduction of 1% to 2% in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.The underlying mechanisms contributing to its glucose-lowering effect may include the following:
1.Enhancing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin and boosting insulin-mediated glucose utilization.
2.Promoting glucose uptake by non-insulin-dependent tissues such as the brain, blood cells, renal medulla, intestines, and skin.
3.Suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis to decrease glucose output from the liver.
4.Inhibiting glucose absorption by intestinal wall cells.
Function and Indication
It is indicated for the management of mild diabetes mellitus.Metformin hydrochloride acts as an antidiabetic drug that lowers blood glucose concentrations and improves insulin sensitivity. Its metabolic actions—including the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis—are triggered via the LKB1-AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway.
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